"I" am a complex prediction machine, with fingers now typing on a computing machine that can generate words. Nerves, muscles, and energy fluxes in and out. Cooperating with similar machines to make larger ensembles more effective at survival and replication. Generating a word cloud stored in higher brain areas to fabricate the value, purpose, and meaning myths that sometimes strengthen and sometimes diminish the downstairs animal presence generating them.
This blog reports new ideas and work on mind, brain, behavior, psychology, and politics - as well as random curious stuff. (Try the Dynamic Views at top of right column.)
Friday, February 28, 2025
Wednesday, February 26, 2025
Self regulation of brain areas underlying our emotional arousal.
Our body arousal is controlled by very ancient nerve centers deep inside our brains. I am quite clear that for myself and many others these areas have ramped up their activity in response to the political uncertainty surrounding us. I would like to understand and regulate this arousal in myself more effectively. Thus I have been fascinated by the article by Sabat et al. in the Feb. 3 issue of PNAS that uses uses natural language processing tools to define the 7 chief varieties of arousal, and then runs meta-analyses of the brain imaging literature to reveal that all varieties of arousal converge onto a cortical network composed of the presupplementary motor area and the left and right dorsal anterior insula.
This suggests that biofeedback or meditation techniques that reduce activity in these brain areas might be useful in allowing us to face adversity without unnecessary levels of arousal. In this vein, the same issue of PNAS has an article by Maher et al. demonstrating the potential of using loving-kindness meditation (by novice meditators) to induce neural changes in beta and gamma activity in the amygdala and hippocampus - areas associated with emotional regulation and mood disorders.
Below, I pass on the abstracts of these two articles:
The Sabat et al. article has the title "Evidence for domain-general arousal from semantic and neuroimaging meta-analyses reconciles opposing views on arousal" :
Significance
Abstract
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The Maher et al. article has the title: "Intracranial substrates of meditation-induced neuromodulation in the amygdala and hippocampus"
Significance
Abstract
Monday, February 24, 2025
Evidence for a 'Theory of Mind' in Bonobo Chimps - they attribute knowledge or ignorance to social partners
Interesting work from Rownrow and Krupenye (open source):
Numerous uniquely human phenomena, from teaching to our most complex forms of cooperation, depend on our ability to tailor our communication to the knowledge and ignorance states of our social partners. Despite four decades of research into the “theory of mind” capacities of nonhuman primates, there remains no evidence that primates can communicate on the basis of their mental state attributions, to enable feats of coordination. Moreover, recent reevaluation of the experimental literature has questioned whether primates can represent others’ ignorance at all. The present preregistered study investigated whether bonobos are capable of attributing knowledge or ignorance about the location of a hidden food reward to a cooperative human partner, and utilizing this attribution to modify their communicative behavior in the service of coordination. Bonobos could receive a reward that they had watched being hidden under one of several cups, if their human partner could locate the reward. If bonobos can represent a partner’s ignorance and are motivated to communicate based on this mental state attribution, they should point more frequently, and more quickly, to the hidden food’s location when their partner is ignorant about that location than when he is knowledgeable. Bonobos indeed flexibly adapted the frequency and speed of their communication to their partner’s mental state. These findings suggest that apes can represent (and act on) others’ ignorance in some form, strategically and appropriately communicating to effectively coordinate with an ignorant partner and change his behavior.
Friday, February 21, 2025
How complex brains and cognition first arose
I have received a draft of an upcoming paper in Behavioral and Brain Sciences by Coombs and Trestman titled "A Multi-Trait Embodied Framework for the Evolution of Brains and Cognition across Animal Phyla " It has a nice graphic indicating different brain regions whose functionalities are common to humans and phylogenetically different animals with complex brains (crows, octopuses and honeybees). Motivated readers can obtain a PDF of the article from me. Here is the abstract :
Among non-human animals, crows, octopuses and honeybees are well-known for their complex brains and cognitive abilities. Widening the lens from the idiosyncratic abilities of exemplars like these to those of animals across the phylogenetic spectrum begins to reveal the ancient evolutionary process by which complex brains and cognition first arose in different lineages. The distribution of 35 phenotypic traits in 17 metazoan lineages reveals that brain and cognitive complexity in only three lineages (vertebrates, cephalopod mollusks, and euarthropods) can be attributed to the pivotal role played by body, sensory, brain and motor traits in active visual sensing and visuomotor skills. Together, these pivotal traits enabled animals to transition from largely reactive to more proactive behaviors, and from slow and two-dimensional motion to more rapid and complex three-dimensional motion. Among pivotal traits, high-resolution eyes and laminated visual regions of the brain stand out because they increased the processing demands on and the computational power of the brain by several orders of magnitude. The independent acquisition of pivotal traits in cognitively complex (CC) lineages can be explained as the completion of several multi-trait transitions over the course of evolutionary history, each resulting in an increasing level of complexity that arises from a distinct combination of traits. Whereas combined pivotal traits represent the highest level of complexity in CC lineages, combined traits at lower levels characterize many non-CC lineages, suggesting that certain body, sensory and brain traits may have been linked (the trait-linkage hypothesis) during the evolution of both CC and non-CC lineages.
Wednesday, February 19, 2025
Accepting being alone
To make feeling alone (all-one) be a comfortable space, be a courteous guest in one's own strange body and in the presence of the strange bodies of even closest friends, being gently curious about them, realizing that everything "I" think about myself or them is a fantasy construction for predicting what I or they might feel or do next.
Monday, February 17, 2025
Life sets off a cascade of machines
A fascinating PNAS article by Tiusty and Libchaber offers 'an oversimplified language of life.’ It is a long article, but I found it a very worthwhile read. (Motivated readers can obtain a PDF of the article from me.) Here I pass on the Significance and Abstract paragraphs, and the first figure.
Significance
Abstract
Friday, February 14, 2025
The perceptual primacy of feeling
A fascinating perspective from Conwell et al. (open source). Affectless visual machines explain a majority of variance in human visually evoked affect:
Significance
Abstract
Wednesday, February 12, 2025
The Coup has already happened.
Go to dogegov.com and click on articles in the drop down menu to learn about our new masters.
Even more cheerful reading....on civilizational war and oligarchic technocracy.
I hesitate to add to the ongoing flow of negativity in the infosphere, but I will pass on my edited ChatGPT 4o summaries of articles by Venkatesh Rao and Timothy Snyder. I think they describe our situation in appropriately dire terms.
Rao argues that contemporary U.S. politics has shifted from a “culture war” to a “civilizational war,” and suggests that Trump and Musk’s faction has undergone this shift by becoming more disciplined and warlike, while Democrats remain stuck in an outdated, ineffective culture-war mode. Unlike culture wars, which are low-intensity conflicts centered on optics and social skirmishes, civilizational wars resemble historical steppe-nomad conquests—high-tempo, ruthless, and strategically destructive. The piece draws parallels to the 30 Years’ War and Mongol tactics, suggesting that modern “warriors” operate in a decentralized, open-source insurgency mode, using social media as a kind of continuous intoxication (akin to fermented mare’s milk for nomads) to stay engaged and aggressive. The author critiques mainstream political analysis for misunderstanding this shift, misinterpreting legal checks and media discourse as signs of normalcy rather than symptoms of deeper conflict. Ultimately, they suggest this is a negative-sum war that cannot be stopped, only mitigated.
Snyder describes the U.S. ias undergoing an oligarchic coup aimed at dismantling democracy and concentrating power among a wealthy elite. It asserts that the current executive branch rejects the idea of America as a nation governed by its people and instead seeks to create disorder to strengthen its control. The systematic discrediting of government institutions, demonization of federal workers, and elevation of billionaires as heroes have paved the way for this takeover. The destruction is intentional, with no plan to govern—only to create chaos that justifies authoritarian rule. The author likens Trump’s tariffs, attacks on allies, and deportation spectacles to deliberate strategies designed to impoverish, divide, and weaken Americans while enriching a select few. The removal of experienced officials in law enforcement and intelligence, under the guise of ideological purges, aims to eliminate those who could resist lawlessness. The article warns that unless citizens act decisively—through legal challenges, state-level resistance, impeachment efforts, and corporate pushback—the country will descend into an anti-democratic system where oligarchs manipulate markets and power unchecked. The call to action is urgent: people must organize, resist demoralization, and recognize that self-governance requires collective action beyond just voting.
Monday, February 10, 2025
We are towers of fantasies
We are built of predictive fantasies at every level of our being - from single cells up through transient professional identities that seamlessly feedback down into and vitalize the physical body and nervous system that sustains them. We make each identity for ourselves by inferring what models are being performed by others, hopefully not doing total mimesis of one style, but rather cutting and pasting to come up with our own ‘unique’ personas.
Friday, February 07, 2025
Structural and Cognitive Mechanisms of Group Cohesion in Primates
I pass on the abstract of a draft version of a new article by Robin Dunbar that I am reading through. It will appear in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Motivated readers can obtain a PDF of the article by emailing me.
Group-living creates stresses that, all else equal, naturally lead to group fragmentation, and hence loss of the benefits that group-living provides. How species that live in large stable groups counteract these forces is not well understood. I use comparative data on grooming networks and cognitive abilities in primates to show that living in large, stable groups has involved a series of structural solutions designed to create chains of 'friendship' (friends-of-friends effects), increased investment in bonding behaviours (made possible by dietary adjustments) to ensure that coalitions work effectively, and neuronally expensive cognitive skills of the kind known to underpin social relationships in humans. The first ensures that individuals synchronise their activity cycles; the second allows the stresses created by group-living to be defused; and the third allows a large number of weak ties to be managed. Between them, these create a form of multilevel sociality based on strong versus weak ties similar to that found in human social networks. In primates, these strategies appear successively at quite specific group sizes, suggesting that they are solutions to 'glass ceilings' that would otherwise limit the range of group sizes that animals can live in (and hence the habitats they can occupy). This sequence maps closely onto the grades now known to underpin the Social Brain Hypothesis and the fractal pattern that is known to optimise information flow round networks.
Wednesday, February 05, 2025
A human machine writes
Scanning back through previous MindBlog posts, I came across the following paragraph what I wrote and posted on 7/24/24. I like it, and decided to post it again:
Machinery here, pushing down keys of another machine, generating words, just like a human does. Much simpler than pretending to be one. Just nerves, muscles, and energy fluxes in and out. Curatorial rather than aspirational. Cooperating with other similar machines to make larger ensembles more effective at survival and replication. Generating a word cloud stored in higher brain areas to fabricate the value, purpose, and meaning myths that sometimes strengthen and sometimes diminish the downstairs animal presence generating them.
Monday, February 03, 2025
“Now Is the Time of Monsters”
I pass on links to two articles in the same vein, one by Ezra Klein, the other by Ventkatesh Rao, with Klein noting how we are facing four epoch-changing events, any one of which could utterly change the world we have know for the past 70 years. Both articles cite the writing of the Marxist Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci, who wrote a well know sentence usually translated as “The old world is dying, and the new world struggles to be born: Now is the time of monsters.” Rao offers the following graphic of the transition:
Klein points to:
1. Authoritarian consolidation across the world and the death of democracies.
2. The poorly understood large language models of AI exponentially approaching problem solving and general intelligence capabilities that may exceed human abilities
3. whose hardware has voracious energy requirements that act against curing the global warming that is irreversibly changing our planet.
4. Population collapse due to lowering birthrates presenting a larger immediate threat to civilization than global warming.
And Rao dissects the fine structures of the interregnum noted by Gramsci's original phrase "...in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appear." Rao notes "an interesting idea that a "monster" is an instance of "morbid symptoms" appearings in either or both of the two building blocks of "world" - systems of rules and special people."